Gold exports from West Africa remain a cornerstone of the region’s international trade, with carefully structured contracts ensuring that both exporters and refineries maintain transparency, compliance, and trust. A recent contract framework illustrates how these transactions are conducted under strict documentation and delivery requirements, balancing the risks between clients in West Africa and international refineries, such as those in India.
Documentation: The Backbone of Trust
Every shipment of gold dore from West Africa requires a robust set of documents. These are more than just formalities—they form the backbone of international compliance and provide assurance for both exporter and refinery. The essential documents include:
- Commercial Invoice issued by the client.
- Packing List from the mining company, including bar serial numbers and an assay certificate detailing the estimated gold and silver content (both in grams and troy ounces).
- Exporter’s Invoice confirming transactional details.
- Certificate of Origin verifying the gold was mined in the stated country.
- Air Waybill (AWB) from the shipping company.
- Assay Certificates from both the mining company and an independent third party.
These documents must be signed and stamped by authorized parties and accompany the consignment, both in hard copy and via email to the refinery prior to shipment.
Refinery Verification and Payment Terms
Refineries, particularly in Delhi under this contract structure, play a pivotal role in verifying and confirming all documentation. Upon receiving the digital copies, the refinery has up to 12 working hours to accept or raise queries. Once the physical shipment arrives, customs-approved gemologist reports and attested paperwork travel with the cargo until it reaches the refinery’s facility.
Payment terms are structured to minimize risk:
- 95% of the invoice value is released upon arrival of the gold dore at Delhi Airport.
- The remaining 5% is paid once the final third-party assay report is complete and accounts are finalized.
This structure ensures exporters receive immediate liquidity while refineries retain safeguards against discrepancies in purity or weight.
Shipping, Costs, and Incoterms
Shipments operate under DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) Incoterms 2020, with Delhi as the delivery basis. Exporters in West Africa bear costs up to the point of shipment, including transportation, customs clearance, and incidental fees. Refineries then assume responsibility for import duties, local taxes, and other destination-country costs.
This clear allocation of responsibility ensures efficiency and accountability across borders.
Test Shipments: Building Confidence
Before full-scale exports commence, contracts stipulate a test shipment. This allows both the exporter and refinery to validate procedures, documentation, and assay results. Only once this test shipment is completed to the satisfaction of both parties does the contract take full effect. This safeguard builds confidence and mitigates risks of miscommunication or procedural gaps.
Why This Matters for West Africa
For West Africa, where gold remains a primary export commodity, such detailed contract structures are vital. They not only safeguard miners, exporters, and refiners but also strengthen the region’s reputation in global markets. By emphasizing transparency, third-party verification, and compliance with international trade norms, West African gold exporters position themselves as reliable partners in a highly scrutinized global industry.
✅ At Invest Offshore, we track these developments closely because they illustrate how structured export frameworks open pathways for global investors. And beyond gold, the same principles apply to copper, cobalt, and other resource exports from Africa’s Copperbelt Region, where we currently have investment opportunities available for those seeking exposure to this strategic market.
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